Archive for the ‘MAINTENANCE’ Category
Filed under: CIVIL and ARCHITECTURE, MAINTENANCE, MECHANICAL, PETROLEUM,OIL and NATURAL GAS, REFRIGERATION and HVAC ENGINEERING
Please click Control of Pipeline Corrosion to download
WHAT IS CORROSION?
One general definition of corrosion is the degradation of a material through environmental interaction. This definition encompasses all materials, both naturally occurring and man-made and includes plastics, ceramics, and metals. This book focuses on the corrosion of metals, with emphasis on corrosion of carbon and low-alloy steels used in underground pipelines. This definition of corrosion begs the question; why do metals corrode? The answer lies in the field of thermodynamics, which tells whether a process such as corrosion will occur. A second logical question is what is the rate of corrosion or how long will a pipeline last? Corrosion kinetics can help provide an answer to this question. Both topics are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 16. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the subject of underground corrosion. A glossary of terms is included in Appendix A of this book to help with the sometimes confusing terminology.
A significant amount of energy is put into a metal when it is extracted from its ores, placing it in a high-energy state. These ores are typically oxides of the metal such as hematite (Fe2O3) for steel or bauxite (Al2O3.H2O) for aluminum. One principle of thermodynamics is that a material always seeks the lowest energy state. In other words, most metals are thermodynamically unstable and will tend to seek a lower energy state, which is an oxide or some other compound. The process by which metals convert to the lower-energy oxides is called corrosion.
Tags: Control of Pipeline Corrosion, Corrosion, pipe, Pipe Corrosion, piping
Filed under: CIVIL and ARCHITECTURE, MAINTENANCE
Please click HANDBOOK OF WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES to download 
This volume covers the technologies that are applied to the treatment and purification of water. Those who are generally familiar with this field will immediately embrace the subject as a treatise on solid-liquid separations. However, the subject is much broader, in that the technologies discussed are not just restricted to pollution control hardware that rely only upon physical methods of treating and purifying wastewaters. The book attempts to provide as wide a coverage as possible those technologies applicable to both water (e.g., drinking water) and wastewater (Le., industrial and municipal) sources. The methods and technologies discussed are a combination of physical, chemical and thermal techniques. There are twelve chapters. The first of these provides an orientation of terms and concepts, along with reasons why water treatment practices are needed. This chapter also sets the stage for the balance of the book by providing an organizational structure to the subjects discussed. The second chapter covers the AB- Cs of filtration theory and practices, which is one of the fundamental unit operations addressed in several chapters of the book. Chapter 3 begins to discuss the chemistry of wastewater and focuses in on the use of chemical additives that assist in physical separation processes for suspended solids. Chapters 4 through 7 cover technology-specific filtration practices. There is a wide range of hardware options covered in these three chapters, with applications to both municipal and industrial sides of the equation. Chapter 8 covers the subjects of sedimentation, clarification flotation, and coalescence, and gets us back into some of the chemistry issues that are important achieving high quality water. Chapter 9 covers membrane separation technologies which are applied to the purification of drinking water. Chapter 10 covers two very important water purification technologies that have found applications not only in drinking water supply and beverage industry applications, but in groundwater remediation applications. These technologies are ion exchange and carbon adsorption. Chapter 11 covers chemical and non-chemical water sterilization technologies, which are critical to providing high quality drinking water. The last chapter focuses on the solid waste of wastewater treatment - sludge. This chapter looks not only at physico-chemical and thermal methods of sludge dewatering, but we explore what can be done with these wastes and their impact on the overall costs that are associated with a water treatment plant operation. Sludge, like water, can be conditioned and sterilized, thereby transforming it from a costly waste, requiring disposal, to a useful byproduct that can enter into secondary markets. Particular emphasis is given to pollution prevention technologies that are not only more environmentally friendly than conventional waste disposal practices, but more cost effective. (more…)
Tags: carbon adsorption, chemical additives, chemical water sterilization, clarification flotation, coalescence, groundwater remediation, ion exchange, membrane separation, non-chemical water sterilization, physical separation processes, sedimentation, sludge dewatering, specific filtration practices, WASTEWATER, WATER, WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT, water purification
Filed under: CIVIL and ARCHITECTURE, ELECTRICAL, ENGINEERING, MAINTENANCE, MECHANICAL, MINING, PETROLEUM,OIL and NATURAL GAS, REFRIGERATION and HVAC ENGINEERING
Please click The Project Management Question And Answer Book to download
What is a project?
“A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to provide a unique product or service.” Projects are different from production work because all projects have a beginning and an end. Production work is generally ongoing for long periods of time and does not have a definite starting and stopping point; many production operations take place during the course of producing goods or services. Since projects provide at least a somewhat unique product or service, they must have a beginning and an end. Production work and project work both consume resources and produce products or services. They both cost money and require planning to be done successfully.
Projects can be literally any size. A project can be designed to do something quite small, such as painting the front door on a house. Projects can also be quite large and involve thousands of people and millions of dollars. Projects can take place at any and all levels of an organization and may take place completely within a small part of the organization or include nearly all of a very large organization. The amount of time can vary from a few hours or days to several years.
Please click The Project Management Question And Answer Book to download
Tags: Building Projects in Organizations, Communications, Cost Management, Earned Value Reporting, Human Resources Management, Project Estimating, Project Management, Quality, Risk Management, Time Management
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